Camera shot selection is a fundamental element of filmmaking and video production. By
understanding the types of shots in filmmaking, filmmakers can control audience emotion, clarify
storytelling, and strengthen visual meaning in every scene. This article provides a clear and practical
overview of the most common camera shot types, from wide shots to extreme close-ups, making it
suitable for beginners and creative professionals alike.
Extreme Long Shot (ELS)
An Extreme Long Shot captures the subject from a very far distance, making it appear small
compared to its surroundings. This shot is often used to emphasize scale, isolation, or the
environment rather than the character itself.
Long Shot / Wide Shot (LS / WS)
A Wide Shot shows the subject’s full body while still revealing the surrounding environment. It is
commonly used to introduce characters and establish their relationship to the setting.
Full Shot (FS)
A Full Shot frames the subject from head to toe. This shot allows the audience to clearly observe
body language, posture, and movement within the scene.
Medium Long Shot / Medium Wide Shot (MLS / MWS)
This shot frames the subject from the knees up. It balances facial expression and body movement,
creating a natural and immersive visual composition.
Cowboy Shot
The Cowboy Shot frames the subject from mid-thigh to the head. Originating from classic western
films, it was designed to keep a character’s weapon visible while maintaining focus on performance.
Medium Shot (MS)
A Medium Shot frames the subject from the waist up. It is one of the most commonly used shots in
filmmaking because it feels natural and comfortable for viewers.
Medium Close-Up (MCU)
A Medium Close-Up frames the subject from the chest to the head. This shot emphasizes facial
expression while maintaining a comfortable visual distance.
Close-Up (CU)
A Close-Up tightly frames the subject, usually focusing on the face or an important detail. It is used
to highlight emotion, reaction, and psychological intensity.
Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
An Extreme Close-Up shows a very small detail such as an eye, finger, or object. This shot is
effective for building tension, symbolism, or dramatic emphasis.
Establishing Shot
An Establishing Shot appears at the beginning of a scene to show the location and context of the
story. It helps orient the audience before transitioning into closer shots.
By understanding different types of shots in filmmaking, filmmakers can communicate stories more
clearly and emotionally. Each shot serves a specific visual purpose and should be chosen
intentionally to support the narrative. At Viking Sunset Studios, we believe that mastering
cinematography fundamentals is the first step toward producing professional, impactful, and visually
compelling films.
